The Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Leadership Practices Research Paper

The Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Leadership Practices in the Hotel Industry - Research Paper Example The rampant globalization of the international market has caused significant growth in the diversity of employee demographics. In order to keep up with the growing demands for quality and innovation, many organizations have formulated new management styles that promote interdependence among the workforce (Gould, 2008). With the aim of determining suitable management styles, various studies have been conducted on employee demographics and how it affects the performance of an organization (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). There are several management styles that have its advantages and limitations. Such management styles address specific points of interest within the workforce. However, better understanding has to be garnered in order to properly impose management programs that best suits the needs of a company and its subordinates. Moreover, it is necessary to understand how to eliminate or at least minimize the negative effects of social differences within the workforce through proper management techniques. The effects of social differences among the workforce have caused organizations to suffer in terms of performance. Discrimination has also emerged from such growing employee diversity (Appleby, 2007). It has become a necessity for organizations to respond to such issues through effective management programs (Sfodera, 2006). Moreover, the results of this study would be of great value to hotel management officers, enabling them to make better decisions in their management practices. Essentially, the management is the core to the successful performance of an organization (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). ... Research Objectives 1) To determine hotel employees’ perceptions of the leadership styles practiced within their organisation; 2) To ascertain whether demographic traits influence leadership style perceptions a) gender b) age c) nationality d) educational attainment; 3) To put forth recommendations for improving leadership practices within the hotel. Review of Related Literature Management Styles In the broad sense, management styles are the manner and techniques of handling subordinates and making decisions with them. There are various management styles that fit well in particular circumstances (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). Moreover, managers should impose different management styles in order to compensate for the weaknesses of every technique. Among the common management styles are Autocratic, Paternalistic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire, and Management by Walking Around (MBWA) Autocratic The Autocratic style is where a manager makes unilateral decisions without giving much co nsideration for the subordinates. This results to decisions and outcomes that reflect the personality and opinion of the manager. Such management style projects a confident, structured and well-managed business. However, the subordinates may end up becoming too dependent on the manager; thus, requiring more supervision (Hurley, 2010). Autocratic leaders could be further categorized into two types: the Directive Autocrat; and the Permissive Autocrat (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). The Directive Autocrat makes decisions unilaterally while giving much attention and close supervision of the subordinates. On the other hand, the Permissive Autocrat makes unilateral decisions while being more lenient on the subordinates, which enables them to

You Decide ... It's a memorandum Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You Decide ... It's a memorandum - Coursework Example An anencephalic infant has been born in the hospital. It is evident to medically aware community that no anencephalic baby would live for long as this is a condition when the baby is born without a considerable portion of scalp, skull and brain. This condition is caused by the cephalic head end of the neural tube failing to close during pregnancy. But this child was born with a small stem of brain. Hence, she could not be declared brain dead legally. The law of this state does not permit declaring a person brain dead, if the person had even a partly functioning brain. The infant was kept on ventilator as at that time the metabolic functions of her body were working to an extent. The doctors could convince the parents of the child about the non retrievable condition of the baby and they agreed to donate her heart for the treatment of an infant who had a critical heart condition. That infant too was admitted in this hospital. The issue of legal compliance remained. Waiting for this pro blem to be resolved, could have a consequence of loosing an opportunity to save the life of the second infant as well. It was in this painful dilemma that I found myself. There was also the tissue type matching to be done to find out whether the second infant’s body would accept the heart from the body of the first infant. Tissue type matching could be carried out successfully only if tissues are retrieved from the donor within 24 hours of the stopping of heart beat. So, waiting for the heart to cease beating naturally would reduce the chances of conducting a successful tissue type matching. Though the parents of the child were supportive of the decision that I wanted to take, some relatives had a different opinion owing to some religious considerations. According to their religion, death can be accepted only when the heart beat stops, they said. But as John Stuart Mill (2007, pp.78) has rightly put, I believe that, â€Å"the sentiment of justice appears to me to be, the animal

Animation Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Animation Critique - Essay Example For instance, the end of world war II had bring devastation to Japan and crimes and evils had increased at that time too, so Astro is shown saving people and stopping US Force from attacking poor Vietnamese. (Tezuka Osamu and Astro Boy, 2008). Moving towards the animation techniques used in the film; the first is computer aided techniques, which is 2D and 3D. For instance, in the movie Astro lashes needed to be long and curl, hence 3D techniques were used to achieve this feat. It was also used to fabricate vertices, edges and faces (Taylor, 2002). Furthermore, facial expression were also used such as parameterization to obtain a smiling, laughing or angry Astro Boy face or to remove wrinkles and to make these facial expression of Astro more realistic 2D and 3D morphing were also executed (Noh, 1998). Apart from these different other techniques were also implemented such as three fram shooting to emply a full animation, stop images to display a still photo of a crowd or still reaction from Astro Boy, Pull-Cells to make the scene with Astro flying or mving to save people and repetaition technique to illustrate Astro by walking around (Steinberg, 2006). Before rating the movie, we will use eight judging criteria. The storytelling was good as the Astro acts of saving people provided with a moral message, the clarity of the scenes are also present and timing is perfectly used. Secondly, the 12 principles of animation were also utilized to portray facial expressions, fight scenes and the normal stance in the movie. The tchnical criteria was also met with the help of major and crucial animation techniques, the movie was properly paced with perfect display, camera angles and lip synchorization. Aesthetics was also given attention as the coloring was matched and expressing, art in form of bulding and characters were also present perfectly and use of sound was also present when Astro was in figh with the villans, good sound of

Comparative Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Comparative Justice - Essay Example tries to delve into the basis of the US legal system, it becomes lucidly clear that the US legal system as per the Judi-Christian tradition, traces its origins in relation to some divine power. The US notions of justice, fairness and honesty have their moorings in the Biblical texts. Similarly, the Islamic law traces its origins to the Holy Quran and the Islamic legal system believes law to be an expression of the will of God (Terrill, 2009). The other pivotal fact is that the US legal system tends to employ the tool of law to shape a specific type of society that is in consonance with the essential American values and ethics. In other words, In America, the law is also considered to be a means of shaping and constructing a desirable society. In that context, the purpose of Islamic law is also the same. The Islamic law also intends to shape a society that is in consonance with the quintessential Islamic values, ethics and aspirations. However, there exist also marked differences between the Islamic legal system and the US legal system. The US legal system tends to guide and restrain the actions of its denizens within a defined social domain. In contrast, the Islamic legal system not only pertains to the legal rights and obligations of its citizens but also tends to define their ethical aspirations. In other words an Islamic legal system not only governs as to what its citizens could do, but also defines as to what they cannot do (Terrill, 2009, p. 612). The second thing is that the US legal system is subservient to the requirements of the time and social circumstances that is the US law is open to relative interpretations. However, the Islamic legal system considers Sharia to be an expression of the will of God that is sacrosanct and unchangeable in all times and societies (Terrill, 2009, p. 598). As per the Islamic legal system, it is not the law that is subservient to the requirements of the society, but rather it is the society that is to mould itself as per

Visual Merchandising window project for Matchesfashion Essay

Visual Merchandising window project for Matchesfashion - Essay Example The scent inside is fresh and natural together with well-ventilated light ceilings makes it a perfect environment that makes one feel free and comfortable to shop. Matches Fashion Store has a target of fashion ladies together with stylists and models who live in Marylebone. Their VM design is in a way that updates the fashion blogs in a fashion style from a collection of visuals. The VM inside the store brings about the creative environment for the attendants, picture impressions and even pet fittings which make it diversified in meeting the needs of customers together with their pets. The dressing and walking area is spacious enough to allow perfect decoration and styling. Customers get a clear view of the favorite designs as they walk around the shop. Matches Fashion has held different events that seek to advertize it, but they are carefully not to overspend and strain their budget on advertising. Matches Fashion has held advertising done with pageant auditions, using the web and also online promotion with â€Å"face book† and twitter accounts to collect fans and followers respectively. Magazines of Matches Fashion are found in the shop that showcases the shop and its variety of fashions. The focal point is normally found just below the level of the eye slightly away from its center and Matches Fashion have its display windows raised meaning the eye level will be lower. The accessories here fall below giving a perfect display of the store. Just from the other side of the street, an individual can have a vivid view of the shop on the other side from a deflection angle which allows one to look into the shop. In the window; Matches Fashion has slid fragmented glass windows, the walls and pillars are made of bricks. They are well balanced on each side that creates attention and makes the eyes explore. The accessories section is placed forward for easy access and testing. The design of the windows and the

International Marketing Audit and Plan Research Paper

International Marketing Audit and Plan - Research Paper Example However, it will enter the market through local wholesale distributors. Azzure brand is one of the assorted company’s products that will gain wide acceptance in China because of the benefits the product offer to the users. For example, Azzure is herbal cigarette which has therapeutic qualities. The Chinese smokers are many and increasing each year. Women smokers smoke an average of 11.6 cigarettes a day while the male smokers smoke an average of 15.5 cigarettes a day. More specifically, it is discovered that young male adults smoke an average of ten cigarettes daily, while middle aged adults smoke the highest number of cigarettes daily standing at an average of 17 cigarettes per day. The old male adults smoke he lowest number of cigarettes daily standing at an average of 10.1 cigarettes per day. The number of women smokers are increasing as the advertisement, promotions and production are tailored to appeal to the female adult population. The smoking rate in China is one of the highest in the world. It is estimated that 1.7 trillion cigarettes are smoked in china each year. The reason for this high smoking rate is due to the social culture of the Chinese people who fancy cigarettes in most of its social interaction. Cigarette smoking is considered as social activity and is normally given as gifts to friends, government officials and foreign guest especially when one is soliciting for favours. This behaviour fuels the demand of cigarettes across the adult population and ensures that the consumption rate is maintained throughout the year. Most Chinese prefer the cigarettes brands that are produced in the home country. However, foreign cigarettes are often considered as status symbol. There are over three hundred and fifty million cigarettes smokers in the whole of China. Therefore, there is a steady market for about two trillion cigarettes in China annually. Most cigarettes sold in China are

Wikileaks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wikileaks - Essay Example The documents that were leaked by Wikileaks regarding the operations in Afghanistan has not only risked future operations against terrorism, but also served to expose the military still serving in different countries such Iraq and Afghanistan where terrorist threat emanates, at a greater risk (Galrahn, 2010). Thus, what Wikileaks has been doing in relation to matters security and military operations is akin to aiding international terrorism, as well as the enemies of the USA. International terrorism has defined as the activities that endanger human life, while also influencing the policies of the government through either coercion or intimidation (Marcel & Gregor, 2010 p2). In respect to what Wikileaks has been doing, there is no doubt that its activities amount to some form of aiding terrorism, since it is endangering both human lives, as well as intimidating the government, through portraying its military operations as either dehumanizing or bungled. Therefore, there could be no missing of words, when saying that Wikileaks completely endangers the success of international war on terrorism. Wikileaks is essentially threatening the genuine national security interest, which in turn is a way of assisting the wider terrorism community. While the actions of Wikileaks might seem to be within the law, and thus protected by the privileges of the First Amendment of the USA constitution, there seem to lack some sense of security responsibility in their actions (Abrams & Benkler, 2013 n.p.). While terrorism has evolved and become more salient in the modern day, there is nothing as helpful to the terrorists, as the information that Wikileaks has been releasing, oblivious of the damage it might do to the nation. Therefore, the most disturbing thing about the Wikileaks’ activities is the mission it has. While doing all this, one still wonders whether Wikileaks is aware of its ability to influence and aid international terrorism (Philipp, 2012 n.p.).